The European Union (EU) has launched the world’s first comprehensive AI regulation, marking a major milestone in global AI governance. The EU AI Act, which came into force on Thursday, will reshape the tech landscape by introducing a risk-based framework for regulating AI.
The new legislation classifies AI systems based on their risk level, from minimal to unacceptable. High-risk AI applications must meet stringent requirements, and the regulation outright bans certain uses that infringe on fundamental rights. This shift significantly changes how AI is overseen and regulated.
“The EU AI Act marks a significant milestone in the regulation of artificial intelligence and will inevitably shape the way that companies who both develop and implement AI will approach the technology,” said Matt Cloke, CTO at Endava.
Global Reach and Impact
A key feature of the EU AI Act is its global scope. It applies not only to AI systems developed within the EU but also to those offered to EU customers or affecting EU citizens, regardless of the provider’s location. This could set a new global standard for AI regulation and influence frameworks in other regions.
“One of the most notable aspects of the EU AI Act is its extra-territorial effect. In other words, the act not only applies to AI systems developed within the EU but also to those offered to EU customers. Affecting EU citizens, regardless of where the providers are located,” Cloke added.
Risk-Based Classification
The Act introduces a tiered approach to AI regulation:
- Minimal Risk: Most AI systems, such as recommendation engines and spam filters, fall into this category and face no obligations.
- Specific Transparency Risk: Chatbots must inform users that they are interacting with AI, and AI-generated content must clearly label itself.
- High Risk: These systems must adhere to strict requirements including risk mitigation, quality datasets, detailed documentation, and human oversight.
- Unacceptable Risk: AI systems that pose a clear threat to fundamental rights are banned, including those that manipulate behavior or engage in social scoring.
Jacob Beswick, Director of AI Governance at Dataiku, emphasized the urgency for businesses to prepare for the new regulations. “Today marks the EU AI Act officially coming into force and given its extraterritorial application, many businesses will be preparing to comply with the new rules in order to continue operations within the EU,” Beswick told Arabian Business.
Compliance and Implementation
While the Act is now in effect, most regulations will start applying on August 2, 2026. However, bans on unacceptable AI systems will take effect in six months, and rules for general-purpose AI models will begin after 12 months. National authorities within the EU will manage enforcement, imposing potential fines of up to 7 percent of global annual turnover for non-compliance.
Margrethe Vestager, Executive Vice-President for a Europe Fit for the Digital Age, commented, “AI has the potential to change the way we work and live and promises enormous benefits for citizens, our society and the European economy. The European approach to technology prioritizes people and preserves everyone’s rights.
Preparing for the Future
As businesses navigate the new regulatory environment, Cloke sees potential benefits beyond mere compliance. “For these companies, the EU AI Act offers both a challenge and an opportunity,” he said. “While the compliance requirements may initially seem daunting, they also present a chance to differentiate themselves by adopting best practices in AI governance.”
The European Commission is supporting compliance efforts by developing implementation guidelines, promoting co-regulatory standards, and launching initiatives like the AI Pact to encourage early adoption.
Global Implications
The EU’s pioneering approach to AI regulation may prompt other countries to adopt similar frameworks. “As the EU sets a global benchmark for AI regulation, companies that adapt to these standards early will better position themselves to gain trust and credibility in the market,” Cloke noted.
The EU AI Act represents a crucial step towards responsible AI development and could shape the future of AI governance worldwide.
