Can Data Centres Be Put Into Orbit And On The Moon?
Plans to place data centres on the Moon or in Earth’s orbit might sound like science fiction. However, companies like Lonestar Data Holdings are working hard to make this a reality. In fact, Lonestar recently tested a book-sized data centre on the Moon, hitching a ride aboard Intuitive Machines’ Athena Lunar Lander. Launched via SpaceX, this test marks a bold step toward extra-terrestrial data solutions.
With the rise of AI and cloud computing, global demand for data storage is surging. According to McKinsey, annual demand for data centres is projected to grow by 19% to 22% by 2030. Yet, Earth-based data centres require vast amounts of electricity and water, creating environmental concerns and resistance from local communities. Therefore, space offers a compelling alternative. It provides endless solar energy and eliminates nearby populations affected by land use.
Why Space? Why Now?
Several factors are accelerating the push for space-based storage. Firstly, the explosion of AI tools has created an unprecedented need for data processing power. Secondly, finding suitable sites on Earth is becoming increasingly difficult. Large centres consume enormous resources, and many communities oppose their development. Because of this, looking skyward seems more attractive than ever.
In orbit or on the Moon, data centres can run on solar energy and avoid Earth’s environmental limitations. Additionally, they could support space missions directly, enabling faster space-to-space data transfers. In Europe, a feasibility study funded by the European Commission found such facilities could transform the digital landscape. The proposed Ascend project, backed by Thales Alenia Space, envisions 13 satellites offering 10 megawatts of processing power.
Nonetheless, challenges remain. Launch costs are high, and hardware protection in space is complex. According to Dr Domenico Vicinanza, cooling systems and repairs are particularly problematic in zero gravity. Moreover, space debris and solar weather pose ongoing threats.
A Bold Step Into the Future
Despite the obstacles, companies like Lonestar and Starcloud remain confident. Lonestar plans to place a small data centre in lunar orbit by 2027. Meanwhile, Starcloud is preparing a satellite launch, aiming to begin operations by mid-2026.
Security is a major draw. Data stored in space bypasses traditional terrestrial networks, reducing the risk of cyberattacks. As Lonestar’s executives put it, it’s like storing your valuables in a vault that no one can reach. The Moon’s distance adds another layer of protection, making unauthorized access incredibly difficult.
Furthermore, space-based storage helps meet data sovereignty regulations. Under space law, a data centre is governed by the laws of its licensing nation, just like an embassy.
In conclusion, while space data centres are still experimental, interest is growing. With early support from governments like Florida and the Isle of Man, this futuristic idea could soon become mainstream.
